What Are Stem Cells?

Stem cells are cells with the ability to renew themselves and, in certain circumstances, develop into other cell types. Different kinds of stem cells have different biological roles and evidence bases.

MSC properties and sources

Mesenchymal stem cells, often called MSCs, are being studied in regenerative medicine for their possible effects on tissue repair and immune response. They can be sourced from tissue such as bone marrow, fat, and umbilical cord tissue.

The umbilical cord

The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta. Cord blood contains blood-forming stem cells, while cord tissue is a source of MSCs being studied. The cord contains two arteries and one vein surrounded by Wharton's jelly.

Cell isolation and expansion

After birth, cord blood or tissue may be collected with consent. Cells can then be isolated, expanded, and checked for quality in a controlled laboratory.

Consent and safety

Collection should require informed consent. Screening, manufacturing, testing, storage, transport, and administration all affect safety; different sources and processes can carry different risks.

Applications being studied

MSCs are being studied in regenerative medicine and in orthopedic, cardiovascular, kidney, immune, liver, and neurological conditions. Laboratory or animal findings do not establish benefit for patients.

Questions and limitations

Research does not mean a treatment is proven or approved for every condition. Ask a qualified clinician about evidence for your diagnosis, regulatory status, alternatives, and risks. Do not stop standard treatment without medical advice.

Education